Hollow fiber membranes present a compelling approach for water treatment applications due to their unique geometric characteristics and exceptional performance. These membrane structures, composed of polymer materials, possess a large contact area to volume ratio, enabling efficient filtration of contaminants from water. The asymmetrical nature of

MABR technology is emerging prominence as a sustainable approach to wastewater treatment. This advanced process leverages membrane bioreactors to effectively remove contaminants from wastewater. Unlike traditional methods, MABR units offer several strengths, including reduced footprint, increased treatment efficiency, and optimized sludge productio